Server immersion cooling is to immerse computer components (such as CPU, graphics processor, SSD and DDR memory) and other electronic components (including the whole server) into a completely heat-conducting medium liquid or coolant, and then cool them through a circulation system using liquid pump, pipeline and liquid-liquid heat exchanger, And / or dry cooler (radiator) type coolers remove heat from the coolant.

The common coolant used for immersion cooling of electronic liquids is mineral oil-based or synthetic chemicals. These chemicals can be divided into two categories: single phase, liquid immersion coolant (SLIC) or two-phase liquid immersion coolant (2pic). Server immersion cooling has the potential to become a popular server cooling solution, especially for green data centers, because it does not require expensive air cooling infrastructure (including onboard server fans) and can significantly save energy.

Immersion cooled servers and other IT hardware do not require fans to circulate the dielectric coolant, so remove it from the system before immersion. Hydrocarbon based hot pastes are often used with heat sinks on CPUs and other chips and need to be replaced with different compounds to prevent them from dissolving in the coolant. Indium foil and thermal conductive epoxy resin are commonly used substitute materials. The temperature used for liquid immersion cooling depends on the maximum temperature for reliable operation of immersion equipment.

For servers, the temperature range is usually between 15 and 65 ° C (59 to 149) ° f) But it can be extended to 75 in ASIC based encryption mining devices ° C。 The increase in the high end of the temperature range enables data center operators to use fully passive dry coolers, or more efficient evaporative or adiabatic cooling towers [3], rather than cooler based air cooling. Since the effectiveness of a single-phase system is not limited by the boiling point, the increase in the temperature range also allows the operator to use a single-phase liquid immersed coolant in order to make more effective use of outdoor temperature changes and obtain more effective cooling from its system, two-phase coolant.

Some related brands, such as Intel, have demonstrated the advantages of immersive servers. At present, commercial applications of immersion cooling include commodity server cooling solutions for data centers, server clusters, and mainstream cloud based network hosting architecture. Electric vehicle and battery manufacturers also use liquid in batteries, power trains, and kinetic energy recovery systems, and soak and cool motors, motor controllers, and other on-board electronic subsystems, Liquid immersion cooling is also used for thermal management of LEDs, lasers, X-ray machines and MRI equipment.